In other words, people with varying intelligence levels often share the same attitudes and to the same intense degrees.Īttitudes are not always a function of degree or amount of knowledge about the object of the attitude.
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High intelligence does not necessarily release people from prejudices, nor does it cause people to seek a full and objective inquiry before forming opinions. Regardless of the level of intelligence, most individuals hold attitudes on most topics. Someone who is anti- Negro, anti-Semitic, or anti anything presents “facts” to prove that he is not prejudiced and that his beliefs are supported in fact. Everyone is in favour of reducing prejudice, but not everyone is willing to admit that the attitude held is a prejudicial one. Prejudices are, therefore, often, called “wrong” or “bad.” More seriously, prejudices have an important impact on all of us and on our interpersonal relations. Half humorously, prejudices are the attitudes of others that we do not share. However, when the information, no matter how received, is incongruent it can be judged as incredible arid the result is a negative attitude. When we find this information credible and congruent with our predispositions and previous judgments, we develop a favourable or positive attitude toward the new object, idea, person, or group. Attitudes are often formed by the judgments we make as a result of information we receive from various sources. Thus, your friends may point to inconsistencies in your beliefs, feelings, and action tendencies whereas you find that the components are not inconsistencies but rather are reinforcements leading to the “logicalness” of your position for or against the idea, object, or person.Īttitudes are reflected by the opinions or views that we hold. It should be remembered that the constituent parts of an attitude contributing to this generalization are never as logical to the observer as they are to the holder of the attitude. Quite often persons and objects or ideas become associated in the minds of individuals and as a result attitudes become multidimensional and complex.įor most attitudes this complexity is the rule despite the fact that attitudes indicate a general and almost oversimplified direction toward favour or disfavour. By attitudes we mean the beliefs, feelings, and action tendencies of an individual or group of individuals toward objects, ideas, and people.
Before discussing how attitudes are formed, changed, and measured, we should agree on what attitudes are so that we do not have different attitudes about attitudes. Similar attitudes tend to produce more cooperation and dissimilar attitudes produce more friction among individuals. Interpersonal relations, to a large extent, are determined by the attitudes people hold.
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